Visitation Arrangement in Family Law in Utrecht
A visitation arrangement is an agreement or court decision regarding contact between a child and the non-custodial parent (or other person) without daily care. After divorce or dissolution of partnership, this ensures the maintenance of bonds with both parents. In the Netherlands, visitation is a fundamental child right, locally applicable in Utrecht via the District Court Midden-Nederland.
What does a visitation arrangement entail?
This arrangement determines the frequency and duration of contact with the non-custodial parent, such as weekly, every other week or holidays. Unlike a care arrangement, which divides upbringing. In co-parenting, they overlap; in sole custody, visitation predominates. Always priority: child's best interest, stability and development.
It is part of the mandatory parenting plan (art. 1:251 DCC) in cases of joint authority. No agreement? The court decides.
Legal basis
Based on Dutch Civil Code Book 1:
- Art. 1:377(1) DCC: Mutual right to visitation, except in cases of serious harm to the child.
- Art. 1:377(2) DCC: Court establishes it upon request of parent, child or Child Care and Protection Board.
- Art. 1:251 DCC: Parenting plan mandatory in joint authority.
- Art. 1:257a DCC: Modification in changed circumstances.
Types of visitation arrangements
Different forms:
| Type | Description | Example Utrecht |
|---|---|---|
| Fixed visitation | Predictable schedule | Every Friday to Sunday |
| Midweek | Extra contact | Wednesday until dinner |
| Vacation | Vacation sharing | Half May vacation, alternating Christmas |
| Limited | In case of risk | Supervised via Safe at Home Utrecht |
See also co-parenting Utrecht.
Drafting a visitation arrangement in Utrecht
- Negotiation: In parenting plan, mediation at Legal Aid Office Utrecht (Catharijnesingel 55).
- Mediation: MfN mediator, mandatory information for court.
- Court: Request to family judge at District Court Midden-Nederland (Vrouwe Justitiaplein 1). Hearing, child from age 12 heard, advice from youth judge or Safe at Home.
- Enforcement: Penalty payment (art. 1:378 DCC).
Rights and obligations
- Right: For parents and child, child's best interest paramount.
- Cooperation: Custodial parent facilitates.
- Child input: Right to be heard (art. 1:377a DCC).
- Exception: No visitation in cases of violence, addiction, abuse.
Practical examples Utrecht
Example 1: Mother blocks father post-divorce. Father litigates at District Court Midden-Nederland: weekend visitation after investigation, supervised start.
Example 2: Co-parents alternate weekly; upon Utrecht relocation, court adjusts to 50/50 with public transport arrangement.
Example 3: Teenager refuses. Court respects wish but orders therapy via local youth care.
Flexibility crucial in Utrecht cases.
Frequently asked questions
Unilateral change?
No, consent or court (art. 1:257a DCC). Try mediation at Legal Aid Office.
Child refuses?
Wish carries significant weight, but court may order with support. Investigate causes.
Travel costs?
Usually non-custodial, court decides. Regulate in plan.
Grandparents visitation?
Possible via art. 1:377a DCC, request court if in child's best interest.