Secondary victimization refers to the additional harm victims suffer due to the way they are treated after an incident. An empathetic and professional approach is crucial to prevent this.
What does secondary victimization entail?
Secondary victimization, also known as repeated victimization, arises when victims have negative experiences during the handling of their case or in interaction with authorities and support providers.
Types of secondary victimization
| Source | Examples | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Insurance companies | Skepticism, delays, minimizing complaints | Frustration, stress, sense of injustice |
| Employers | Pressure to work, threat of dismissal, intimidation | Financial stress, social isolation |
| Medical professionals | Downplaying complaints, incorrect diagnoses | Worsening health, loss of trust |
| Social circle | Lack of understanding, blame, exclusion | Feeling of loneliness, mental health issues |
| Justice system | Prolonged procedures, confrontational interrogations | Mental exhaustion, reliving of trauma |
Causes at insurers in Utrecht
In personal injury practice, secondary victimization by insurers is often highlighted, including in the Utrecht region.
Common bottlenecks
Typical problems
- Prolonged handling of claims
- Frequent changes of contact persons
- Repeated requests for additional evidence
- Contesting established complaints
- Use of external investigation agencies
- Under-substantiated low settlement offers
- Indirect communication via lawyers
Code of Conduct for Personal Injury Handling (GBL)
The GBL was developed to minimize secondary victimization and provides guidelines for respectful case handling.
Key principles of the GBL
- The victim is central to the procedure
- Clear and respectful communication
- Efficient and swift handling
- Appropriate advances
- Impartial and competent assessments
Recognizing signs of secondary victimization
It is essential to recognize when a victim is being subjected to secondary victimization again.
Warning signs
| Sign | Manifestation |
|---|---|
| Increased tension | Fear of contact moments or correspondence |
| Skepticism | Lack of trust in authorities, checking everything |
| Helplessness | Feeling of having no grip on the situation |
| Re-traumatization | Repeatedly having to relive the event |
| Avoidant behavior | Ignoring correspondence, avoiding appointments |
Countering secondary victimization in Utrecht
Both victims and professionals can take measures to prevent secondary victimization.
Advice for victims
- Choose a reliable representative in Utrecht
- Leave communication to your representative
- Indicate where your boundaries lie
- Seek contact with peers or a therapist
- Keep a file of unprofessional interactions
Advice for professionals
- Approach victims with understanding and respect
- Be transparent about procedures and deadlines
- Minimize unnecessary delays
- Request only relevant information
- Acknowledge the seriousness of the situation
Filing a complaint in Utrecht
In cases of secondary victimization by professionals in Utrecht, there are various options for filing a complaint.
Relevant bodies
| Party involved | Complaints body |
|---|---|
| Insurer | Internal complaints procedure, Kifid |
| Opposing party's lawyer | Dean of the Bar Association |
| Doctor | Healthcare Disciplinary Board |
| Expertise organization | Complaint to NIVRE or client |
Local support in Utrecht
For legal assistance, you can go to the Juridisch Loket Utrecht at Catharijnesingel 55. Additionally, the Rechtbank Midden-Nederland, located at Vrouwe Justitiaplein 1, handles relevant cases in the region.