A criminal record can significantly affect your future in Utrecht. When applying for jobs, internships or volunteer work, a Certificate of Conduct (VOG) is often required. What information is on your criminal record and in which cases is a VOG not issued?
What does a criminal record entail?
A criminal record is an overview of your criminal convictions, recorded in the Judicial Documentation System (JDS). This system is managed by judicial authorities.
What data is recorded?
- Convictions, including conditional sentences
- Penal orders from the Public Prosecution Service
- Settlements and transactions
- Discontinuances with certain conditions
- Acquittals (for a limited period)
How long are data retained?
Criminal registrations are not retained permanently and expire after a period of time.
Retention periods
| Type of sentence | Retention period |
|---|---|
| Fine or community service | 5 years after payment/performance |
| Prison sentence up to 3 years | 20 years after end of sentence |
| Prison sentence longer than 3 years | 30 years after end of sentence |
| TBS or PIJ measure | 30 years |
| Sexual offences against minors | 80 years |
What is a Certificate of Conduct (VOG)?
A VOG is an official document stating that your past does not pose a risk for a specific function or task.
When is a VOG required?
- Work in sectors such as education, healthcare or childcare
- Financial or banking functions
- Security roles
- Taxi drivers in Utrecht
- Volunteer work with vulnerable people
- Internships or training positions
How is a VOG application assessed?
The screening authority Justis examines whether your criminal record is relevant to the application.
Assessment criteria
- Function-relatedness: Does the offence relate to the function?
- Time since offence: How much time has passed?
- Recidivism risk: Is there a pattern of offences?
- Severity of offence: How serious was the offence?
Look-back periods for VOG
| Category | Look-back period |
|---|---|
| Standard application | 4 years |
| Sexual offences | No limit |
| Young people under 23 years | 2 years |
What if a VOG is refused?
In case of refusal, you will receive a written explanation from Justis regarding the reason for refusal.
Objection options
- Submit a view before the final decision
- File an objection after the decision
- Appeal to the court in Utrecht
Criminal record for young people
For minors in Utrecht, shorter retention periods often apply and a more lenient assessment for VOG applications.
Practical advice
- Check in time whether a VOG is needed for your position
- A criminal record does not always lead to a refused VOG
- The more time since the offence, the smaller the chance of problems
- File an objection in case of an unjust refusal
Frequently asked questions about criminal record and VOG in Utrecht
How can I find out what is on my criminal record?
You can request an overview from the Judicial Information Service via the website of the Custodial Institutions Agency (DJI). This extract shows your convictions and other relevant registrations.
Is a VOG automatically refused if there is a criminal record?
No, a criminal record does not automatically mean refusal. Justis looks at the relevance of the offence to the function, the time elapsed and the severity of the offence.
How long does a conviction remain on my criminal record?
This depends on the sentence. A fine expires after 5 years, while heavier sentences can be retained for up to 30 years or longer.
Am I entitled to legal assistance in Utrecht?
Yes, you are always entitled to a lawyer. If you cannot afford it, pro bono assistance can be offered via the Juridisch Loket Utrecht at Catharijnesingel 55.
Can I appeal a judgment?
Yes, you can appeal to the court of appeal if you disagree with the judgment of the Central Netherlands District Court, located at Vrouwe Justitiaplein 1 in Utrecht.